Thus, the assembly process is simplified and the winding insertion in the slot is less tedious. The stator winding is formed like a torus. Each unit module is built from simple modular poles. Each generator can be expanded to two or more unit modules. Each unit module of the generator may consist of one, two, or more phases. The permanent magnet used is NdFeB or ferrite magnet with flux guide to focus flux density in the air gap. A modular permanent-magnet generator with axial flux direction was chosen. The generator is easy to manufacture and the design can be scaled up for a larger size without major retooling. For wind turbine generators, the design philosophy must cover the following characteristics: low cost, light weight, low speed, high torque, and variable speed generation. Many small wind turbine manufacturers use direct-drive permanent-magnet generators. Permanent-magnet generators have been used for wind turbines for many years.
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